In addition its annually responsible for causing millions of dollars worth of damage. For example, bed degradation due to hydraulic forces can lead to an oversteepening. The force involved in this process is gravity but it is only able to exert its influence when the materials overcome their initial resistance to movement. Before looking into the various types of landslides, the factors that influence them must be examined. Mass movements occur when the force of gravity exceeds the strength of the. Internal cohesion strength the characteristic property of a.
When the soil is completely saturated with water the individual particles are almost suspended in the water and move easily over one another and over the underlying rock the soils acts like a liquid and a soilflow or. The three criteria used to describe slope failures are. Identify and measure factors, such as steepness, seismicity, sediment strength, and pore pressure, that. In the next section we consider the factors affecting slope failure, including slope angle and the presence of water. Jun 06, 2017 list the factors influencing mass wasting. Nelson, 6 oct 2010 gravity is the main force for mass wasting. Mass movement, also called mass wasting, bulk movements of soil and rock debris down slopes in response to the pull of gravity, or the rapid or gradual sinking of the earths ground surface in a predominantly vertical direction. Mass wasting, also known as slope movement or mass movement, is the geomorphic process by which soil, sand, regolith, and rock move downslope typically as a solid, continuous or discontinuous mass, largely under the force of gravity, frequently with characteristics of a flow as in debris flows and mudflows. Angle of slope, the steeper the slope, the faster the rate of movement also when rocks are dipping steeply. This is one of the central concepts of this course. When the soil is completely saturated with water the individual particles are almost suspended in the water and move easily over one another and over the underlying rock. Research geological sciences department california state.
Gravity the force of gravity provides the energy that causes. The prevalenceof stuntinghasbeenfound tobeabout 41%among children agedless than 60 months and higher in rural setting than in urban areas 43% vs 36%. Mass wasting is the down slope movement of rock debris under the pull of gravity without a transporting medium. Introduction geography is an important and popular subject for all students at advanced level of education in rwanda. Mass wasting types of mass wasting processes defined by. The most common failure is due to a combination of hydraulic and geotechnical forces refer to figure 1. Cutting into the side of the mountain to build road pavements are the safest for humans, however, most potential for man made induced landslides. What are the negative effects of mass wasting on the physical.
Most frequently used landslide classification systems are based on the type of movement and material varnes, 1978 and cruden and varnes, 1996. Matthew becker, conrey endowed chair, hydrogeology. Solved give the factors influencing the rate of weathering. Factors that influence mass wasting physical geography. Mhrd nmeict in this lesson, the following aspects of masswasting are highlighted. Mass wasting and landslides mass wasting soest hawaii. Factors that influence mass wasting processes include. Generally the steeper the slope, the less stable it is and the more susceptible it is to failure. Important triggering factors removal of anchoring vegetation wildfires drought development, logging ground vibrations from earthquakes mass wasting types of mass wasting processes defined by the material involved the movement of the material types of mass wasting processes defined by the material involved debris. Geological sciences department, california state university, long beach.
The nature and speed of movement in mass wasting are influenced by the following 7 factors. Because ocean basins are the ultimate sinks for a large fraction of terrestrial sediments, depositional processes and their related forms e. Erosion, driven by gravity, is the inevitable response to that uplift, and various types of erosion, including mass wasting, have created slopes in the uplifted regions. Jun 07, 2017 what are the factors influencing mass wasting. Research in southeast alaska has identified soil mass movement as the dominant erosion. Mass wastingmass wasting the downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity gravity is the controlling force important triggering factors saturation oversteepening removal of vegetation ground vibrations. Strength of slope, gradient of slope, presence of water, tectonic activity, weathering, climate, vegetation and biological activity. Geography curriculum for advanced secondary school revised. The research areas of our faculty members, as well as their current and recent research projects, are listed below. Mass wasting is the movement of regolith unconsolidated rock material down slope solely as a result of gravity 2. Food and nutrition bulletin factors influencing the the. Early growth, pubertal development, body mass index and final. What are the factors that determine when and where that will happen. Factors affecting mass movements east carolina university.
Of all landforms slopes are clearly the most common and often the most overlooked. Definition the bulk movement of weathered and broken rock. Nature of material velocity of movement nature of movement 4 factors influencing mass movement nature of slope materials steepness of slope water content. Mass wasting is also known as slope movement or mass movement. It could be rapid snowmelt, intense rainfall, earthquake shaking, volcanic eruption, storm waves, rapidstream erosion, or human activities, such as grading a new road. Mass wasting is down slope movement of rock materials due to influence of gravity. Dec 08, 2012 factors that influence slope stability.
Regolith is the name for the unconsolidated material on top of rock soil etc the diagram below shows a slope system and all the factors affecting it. Adjusted model revealed that several factors were influencing stunting. Factors influencing erosion also include seepage forces, piping, and fluctuations in shear stress. Learn about the process of mass wasting, the factors that must be. Steep slopes, widely varying altitude ranges relief, the thickness of the loose earth material, planes of weakness parallel to the slopes, frequent freezing and thawing, high water content in the earth material, dry conditions with occasional heavy rainfall, and sparse vegetation are the factors that. When such movement occurs after the materials have been lubricated by rain water from melting snow it is refers to as mass movement. Factors affecting slope stability causes of slope failure. This programme has therefore has been prepared for students at advanced secondary school level with geography as an option in rwanda. Mass wasting or mass movement is the movement of a large mass of rock, soil and debris downward due to the pull of gravity. Some factors occur on the outside of the slope exogenetic some factors occur on the inside of the slope. Understanding slope processes is of particular interest to land use planners, and because slopes often reflect changes in lithology they are of particular interest to bedrock mappers. If the friction on a rock is stronger than gravity for a particular slope, the rock material will likely stay. By looking at the figure 1, gravity acts downwards on the flats surface. Although bmi is often considered an indicator of body fatness, it is a surrogate measure of body fat because it.
Research geological sciences department california. Types and causes of mass wastingmass movement of rocks. Factors influencing occurrence, scale, mobility, runout, and morphology of mass movements on the continental slope homa j. Mass wasting and submarine landsliding are also important processes for some aspects of marine geomorphology. Hows does the strength of a slope influence mass wasting. Answers 1 what are the physical factors enhancing movement of materials along a slope due to gravity. Wasting controls steep slopes, widely varying altitude ranges relief, the thickness of the loose earth material, planes of weakness parallel to the slopes, frequent freezing and thawing, high water content in the earth material, dry conditions with occasional heavy rainfall, and sparse vegetation are the factors that contribute to the. Mass wasting mass movement is the downslope transfer of rock and debris by gravity. A variety of conditions affect the development of mass wasting in a particular area. Once rock material has been broken down into smaller, unstable pieces by weathering, the material has the potential to move down slope called mass wasting also called a mass movement or a landslide because of gravity. Slope angle slope angle is probably the major cause of slope failure. Mass wasting occurs both on land and beneath the sea.
Factors mass wasting free download as powerpoint presentation. The following are physical factors that enhance the movement of materials down the slope. Mass wasting is a rapid form of erosion that works primarily under the influence of gravity in combination with other erosional agents. What type of mass movement causes the most economic damage. Most of the movements are slow amounting to few centimeters per year but sometimes they can be sudden and rapid. A geomorphic process is a natural course of weathering, erosion and deposition that causes alteration of the surface materials and landforms of the earth. Environment and society as the world becomes more urbanized and developed consumption rates are on the rise. Factors influencing malnutrition among young children in a rural community of sarawak article pdf available in malaysian journal of nutrition 202. Solved explain the physical factors that enhance movement of materials along a slope due to gravity. Mass movements and mass movement processes tulane university.
This is a slow, gradual but more or less continuous movement of soil down the hill slopes. Name and explain three process of slow mass movement. Masswasting and its causes types of massmovements triggers of masswasting factors influencing masswasting importance of massmovements. Mass wasting, also known as slope movement or mass movement, is the geomorphic process by which soil, sand, regolith, and rock move down slope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides. Mass wasting can be defined as a geomorphic process. Slope failure, also referred to as mass wasting, is the downslope movement of rock debris and soil in response to gravitational stresses. Body mass index bmi is a measure of weight adjusted for height, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters kgm2.
The movement of groundwater underneath us is influenced by several factors. In this video lesson, you will learn what these factors are and how. Early growth, pubertal development, body mass index and. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand. The type of material that failed typically either bedrock or unconsolidated sediment.
We will also discuss how we can attempt to prevent such hazards by stabilizing slopes. It is an important slope process and is responsible for transporting large quantities of sediment into streams. Nov 20, 2015 the following are physical factors that enhance the movement of materials down the slope in other words mass wasting nature of materials, heavy and large materials move faster on a slope as they are more likely to be overcome by gravity thinly bedded layers have a tendency to move faster. Factors influencing occurrence, scale, mobility, runout. What are the factors that influence slope stability. Formerly, the term mass wasting referred to a variety of processes by. How would that affect the value of the slope angle at which. Three major types of mass wasting are classified by the type of downslope movement.
Mass movement can be fast, as in landslides, or slow, as in creep. Answers i increase in moisture lubricates the soil. That includes all earth materials, rock and regolith. In this episode, the following aspects of mass wasting are highlighted. Outputs from the system energy reradiated heat, and mass water and regolith. Manmade slope angles through creating roads around a mountain or into. The composition and texture of debris, the amount of air and water mixed with it. Mass wasting processes may be slow and gradual or swift and deadly.
Pdf factors influencing malnutrition among young children. Increased water content within the slope is the most common masswasting. Jul 23, 2017 mhrd nmeict in this lesson, the following aspects of masswasting are highlighted. What are the factors influencing the rate of weathering. Explain the factors that are responsible for rapid mass wasting. Mass wasting is prone in the springtime when snow melt, water saturation, and runoff is greatest. Factors influencing solidwaste management in the developing world by jessica mcallister, master of science utah state university, 2015 major professor. Types of mass wasting include creep, slides, flows, topples, and falls, each with its. A geomorphic process is a natural course of weathering, erosion and deposition that causes alteration of the surface materials and landforms of the earth mass wasting is also known as slope movement or mass movement. There are several factors that influence mass wasting, but ultimately it is a battle between friction and gravity. Geography curriculum for advanced secondary school revised edition june 2010. Slope stability is affected by the following factors.
Manmade slope angles through creating roads around a mountain or into a steepslope angle rather than insidethrough a mountain. A landslide is defined by cruden 1991 as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Gravity the force of gravity provides the energy that causes material to move downhill. What are the negative effects of mass wasting on the. The types of movement, falls, slides, and flows, will be covered in this module. In this episode, the following aspects of masswasting are highlighted.
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